Mental Models
Better choices through structured thinking
Charlie Munger Died With These Mental Models. They Made Him $2 Billion.
Charlie Munger read for six hours a day, built a mental 'latticework' from 100+ disciplines, and used it to compound $2 billion in wealth alongside Warren Buffett. He called ordinary thinking 'gross stupidity.' These are the specific models—inversion, first principles, Mr. Market, circle of competence—that powered the most disciplined mind in investing history. Most people never learn a single one.
The One Thinking Habit That Separates the Top 1% from Everyone Else
Most people think one step ahead. The people who consistently win—in business, investing, and life—think two. Second-order thinking is the invisible skill behind Jeff Bezos's long-termism, Howard Marks's legendary investor letters, and every decision that looks obvious in hindsight. Here's how it works and how to make it automatic.
The Ship of Theseus: What an Ancient Paradox Reveals About Modern Identity
If you replace every plank of a ship, is it still the same ship? This 2,000-year-old paradox explains identity crises, career pivots, and relationship change in the modern world.
The Veil of Ignorance: The Thought Experiment That Can End Any Argument
John Rawls' 1971 thought experiment asks: if you didn't know who you'd be born as, what rules would you design? This simple question is the ultimate fairness test for every argument.
The Cobra Effect: When Trying to Fix a Problem Makes It Worse
Learn about the Cobra Effect and perverse incentives. Discover why your well-intentioned solutions often backfire and how to use second-order thinking to prevent disasters.
The Third Face of the Coin: Why Smart Leaders Don't Just Choose A or B
In school, probability was 50/50. But a coin has an edge. Discover how the 1-in-6,000 'standing coin' scenarios reveal the false dilemmas trapping your biggest decisions.
Flipping a Coin: The Surprising Science of Decision Making
Stuck between two equally good choices? Learn why flipping a coin is the most rational tool for decision making and how it reveals what your subconscious already knows.